TITLE	Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Diphyscium (Family Diphysciaceae) of Taiwan
AUTHOR	Tzen-Yuh Chiang lDepartment of Biology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Shang-Hsiung Lin Department of Biology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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ABSTRACT	Six species of Diphyscium, with three new additions to the moss flora of Taiwan, are revised taxonomically, including D. chiapense Norris ssp. unipapillosum (Deguchi) T. Y. Chiang and S. H. Lin, stat. nov. Diagnosable keys are provided. In order to test Norris' and Deguchi et al.'s classifications, cladistic analyses were carried out on eleven morphological traits scored from nine Asiatic species of Diphyscium. Two equally parsimonious trees rooted at the Theriotia species were recovered by PAUP. The reconstructed phylogeny, which suggested a close relationship between the taxa with single papillose lamina cells and the species with pluripapillose lamina cells, invalidated Norris' hypothesis. The parsimony tree agrees with Deguchi et al.'s classification, in which three groups were classified based on cell-wall papillosity. Based on the inferred phylogeny, the "orifice" stomata may have evolved more than once in Diphyscium, while a single "secondary loss" event occurred in the group of D. involutum, D. rupestre, D. mucronifolium and D. suzukii.
KEYWORD	Cladistics; Diphyscium; D. chiapense ssp. unipapillosum; Orifice stomata; Papillosity; Phylogeny; Taiwan; Taxonomy;
ARTICLE INFO	Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, Volume 42 Number 3 July 2001, page 215-222, 8 pages
PUBLISHER	Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China