Botanical Studies (2007) 48: 325-330.

*

Corresponding author: E-mail: shwu@mail.nmns.edu.tw;

Tel: +886-4-23226940; Fax: +886-4-23258684.

INTRODUCTION

Corticioid fungi are Homobasidiomycetes with

resupinate basidiocarps, and the majority of these species

have been referred to the family Corticiaceae Herter

(Donk, 1964; Parmasto, 1986; Hjortstam, 1997; Wu,

1997a). Most of them are wood-decaying fungi, which

play an important role in nutrient recycling in forest

ecosystems and elsewhere in nature. Recently evidence

derived from molecular studies has revealed that the

corticioid fungal genera are present in all major clades of

Homobasidiomycetes (Larsson et al., 2004; Binder et al.,

2005). Hence, the corticioid fungi represent a polyphyletic

group in the Homobasidiomycetes.

This paper presents three new species of corticioid

fungi from Taiwan. The new species Dentipellis

taiwaniana represents the sixth species accommodated in

this genus (Stalpers, 1996), and this is the first report of

Dentipellis Donk from Taiwan. Peniophora Cooke is a

fairy large genus among corticioid fungi. The new species

Peniophora formosana represents the eleventh species of

this genus reported from Taiwan. For previous reports of

Peniophora from Taiwan refer to Lin and Chen (1990), Wu

(2002) and Wu (2003a). Phanerochaete P. Karst. is one of

the largest genera among corticioid fungi, with about one

hundred species known globally (Parmasto et al., 2004).

Before the present study, 40 species of Phanerochaete

were known from Taiwan (Lin and Chen, 1990; Wu, 1990,

1995, 1997b, 1998, 2000, 2003b, 2004; Maekawa, 1992).

This represents a very high number when considered in a

global context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Studied specimens have been deposited at the

herbarium of National Museum of Natural Science of

ROC (TNM). Descriptions of basidiocarps were based on

dried specimens. Free-hand thin sections of basidiocarps

were prepared for microscopic studies. For observations

and measurements of microscopic characters, 5% KOH

was used as the standard mounting medium for all

measurements, to ensure that spores have rehydrated.

Melzer¡¦s reagent (IKI) was used to detect amyloidity and

dextrinoidity, cotton blue (CB) to determine cyanophily,

and sulphoaldehyde (SA) to detect any sulphuric reaction

of gloeocystidia, the bluish black color change indicating

a positive reaction. Measurements of basidiospore lengths

and widths are based on the side view¡Xadaxial and

abaxial sides. Apiculi and ornamentation are excluded in

spore measurements.

MICROBIOLOgy

Three new species of corticioid fungi from Taiwan

Sheng-Hua WU*

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan 40419, Republic of China

(Received October 6, 2006; Accepted February 6, 2006)

ABSTRACT.

This paper reports three new species of corticioid fungi collected from Taiwan. They are

Dentipellis taiwaniana, Peniophora formosana, and Phanerochaete granulata. Dentipellis taiwaniana

resembles D. microspora in sharing small basidiospores while the latter differs in having numerous

dendrohyphidia in the hymenium. Further, D. microspora occurs on gymnosperms in the temperate region

of NE China while D. taiwaniana was found on angiosperms in subtropical lowland Taiwan. A key to the

six known species of Dentipellis is provided. Peniophora subsalmonea seems to be most closely allied to P.

formosana, by resemblance of general morphological features. The former is a tropical species, recorded from

Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean while the collection of P. formosana was made from the high mountain

temperate belt of Taiwan. Moreover, the lamprocystidia of P. subsalmonea are shorter and wider than those

of P. formosana, and the gloeocystidia of P. subsalmonea are distinctly thick-walled, except for the thin-

walled apical parts, and sometimes pointed at apices. In contrast the gloeocystidia of P. formosana are slightly

thick-walled and obtuse at apices. Moreover, the basidiospores of P. subsalmonea are smaller than those of

P. formosana. Finally, Phanerochaete granulata is characterized by having a grandinioid hymenial surface, a

lack of cystidia, and small basidiospores.

Keywords: Basidiomycota; Corticiaceae; Dentipellis; New species; Peniophora; Phanerochaete; Taiwan;

Taxonomy.

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Botanical Studies, Vol. 48, 2007

TAXONOMy

Dentipellis taiwaniana Sheng H. Wu, sp. nov.

Figure 1

Etymology. From taiwanianus (referring to Taiwan), in

accordance with the place where the type specimen was

found.

Holotype. TAIWAN. TAICHUNG HSIEN: Taichung

Metropolitan Park, 24¢X13¡¦ N, 120¢X35¡¦ E, alt. 200 m, on

rotten trunk of Cinnamomum camphora, Jun. 06, 2004, Wu

0406-4 (TNM F17066).

Basidiocarpum resupinatum, effusum, submem

branaceum, 120-250 £gm crassum; superficies hymenialis

hydnoidea. Systema hypharum monomiticum; hyphae

fibulatae. Gloeocystidia numerosa, tubuliformia, 3-8

£gm diam, SA-. Basidia clavata, 15-23 ¡Ñ 3-4 £gm, 4

sterigmatibus. Basidiosporae ellipsoideae, aculeatae,

tenuitunicatae, 2.7-3.3 ¡Ñ 2-2.4 £gm, IKI lividae, CB-.

Fruit body resupinate, effuse, fairly soft, adnate,

submembranaceous (aculei membranaceous-

subceraceous), 120-250 £gm thick in section (aculei

excluded). Hymenial surface hydnoid, aculei ivory yellow,

whitish between aculei; margin whitish, thinning, byssoid.

Aculei 5-7 per mm, separate, subulate, 80-120 £gm wide,

up to ca. 1 mm long.

Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae nodose-septate.

Subiculum fairly uniform, composed of medullary layer,

with fairly loose texture; hyphae colorless, variously

oriented, sparsely or moderately ramified, distinct, fairly

straight, 2-3.5 £gm diam, with 0.3-1 £gm thick walls.

Subhymenium slightly thickening, with dense texture;

hyphae colorless, 1.5-2 £gm diam, thin-walled. Trama with

dense texture; hyphae colorless, mainly vertical, similar

to those in subiculum. Gloeocystidia numerous, immersed

or slightly emergent, colorless, long cylindrical or tubular,

slightly flexuous, 3-8 £gm diam, up to ca. 300 £gm long,

with 0.5-1.5 £gm thick walls, SA-. Basidia clavate, 15-23

¡Ñ 3-4 £gm, 4-sterigmate. Basidiospores ellipsoid, adaxially

slightly concave, aculeate (smooth in KOH), thin-walled,

2.7-3.3 ¡Ñ 2-2.4 £gm, IKI bluish black, CB-.

Distribution. Known only from Taiwan.

Remarks. Ginns (1986) critically studied all species

referred to Dentipellis and accepted three species in

this genus, viz. D. dissita (Berk. & Cooke) Maas G., D .

Figure 1. Dentipellis taiwaniana (holotype). A, Profile of basidiocarp; B, Basidiocarp section; C, Subicular hyphae; D, Gloeocystidia;

E, Basidia; F, Basidiospores (left: in KOH, right: in IKI). Scale bars (A= 100 £gm; B-F = 10 £gm).

WU ¡X Three new species of corticioid fungi

327

fragilis (Pers.:Fr.) Donk, and D. leptodon (Mont.) Maas

G. Stalpers (1996) proposed a new combination, D .

parmastoi (Nikol.) Stalpers, based on Amylodontia par-

mastoi Nikol. Dai (1998) further presented a new species,

D. microspora Y.C. Dai, based on two collections made

from Changbaishan of NE China. Among Dentipellis,

D . taiwaniana and D. microspora share the feature of

small and similar-sized basidiospores. The latter species

is distinguished from the former in having numerous

dendrohyphidia in the hymenium, and this structure is

lacking in the former. In addition, D . microspora occurs

on gymnosperm wood of temperate region of NE China,

while D. taiwaniana was found on angiosperm wood

of subtropical lowland Taiwan. A key to the six known

species of Dentipellis is given below.

Key to Species of Dentipellis

1. Basidiospores < 4 £gm long ........................................... 2

1. Basidiospores > 4 £gm long ........................................... 4

2. Basidiospores > 3.2 £gm long, > 2.4 £gm wide ...............

......................................................................D. leptodon

2. Basidiospores < 3.3 £gm long, < 2.4 £gm wide .............. 3

3.

Temperate species known from temperate NE China. On

gymnosperm. Dendrohyphidia present ....D. microspora

3.

Subtropical species known from subtropical lowland

Taiwan. On angiosperm. Dendrohyphidia absent ........

.................................................................. D. taiwaniana

4. On gymnosperm wood. Gloeocystidia rare .................

.................................................................... D. parmastoi

4. On angiosperm wood. Gloeocystidia numerous .......... 5

5. Basidiospores mostly > 5 £gm long , mostly > 4 £gm wide

........................................................................ D. fragilis

5. Basidiospores mostly < 5 £gm long , mostly < 4 £gm wide

........................................................................ D. dissita

Peniophora formosana Sheng H. Wu, sp. nov.

Figure 2

Etymology. From formosanus (referring to Formosa, an

old name for Taiwan), in accordance with the place where

the type specimen was found.

Holotype. TAIWAN. TAICHUNG HSIENG:

Anmashan, 24¢X16¡¦ N, 121¢X00¡¦ E, alt. 2,250 m, on branch

of angiosperm, Dec 5, 2001, Wu 0112-20 (TNM F13835).

Basidiocarpum resupinatum, effusum, membranaceum,

50-150 £gm crassum; superficies hymenialis plana. Systema

hypharum monomiticum; hyphae fibulatae. Gloeocystidia

numerosa, cylindrica vel clavata, 40-60 ¡Ñ 8-20 £gm, SA+.

Lamprocystidia 35-55 ¡Ñ 6-9 £gm. Basidia subclavata, 28-38

¡Ñ 5.5-6.5 £gm, 4 sterigmatibus. Basidiosporae anguste

ellipsoideae, laeves, tenuitunicatae, (7.5-) 8-9 (-9.2) ¡Ñ

3-3.7 £gm, IKI-, CB-.

Figure 2. Peniophora formosana (holotype). A, Basidiocarp section; B, Subicular hyphae; C, Gloeocystidia; D, Lamprocystidia; E,

Basidia; F, Basidiospores. Scale bars = 10 £gm.

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Botanical Studies, Vol. 48, 2007

Basidiocarp resupinate, effuse, adnate, membranaceous,

50-150 £gm thick in section. Hymenial surface clay-yellow

or buff-colored, smooth, occasionally cracked; margin

thinning, paler, filamentose.

Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae nodose-septate.

Subiculum composed of a thin basal layer and a medullary

layer which makes up a fairly loose texture; hyphae

colorless, 2.5-4.5 £gm diam., generally thin-walled, basal

hyphae occasionally slightly thick-walled. Hymenium

more or less thickening, with dense texture; hyphae

colorless, mainly vertical, thin-walled. Gloeocystidia

numerous, colorless or slightly yellow, cylindrical or

clavate, with stalked bases, terminal or lateral, 40-60 ¡Ñ

8-20 £gm, slightly thick-walled, SA+. Lamprocystidia

not adundant, apically encrusted, colorless, 35-55 ¡Ñ 6-9

£gm (encrustation included), with 0.7-1.5 £gm thick walls.

Basidia subclavate, 28-38 ¡Ñ 5.5-6.5 £gm, 4-sterigmate.

Basidiospores narrowly ellipsoid, adaxially slightly

concave, smooth, thin-walled, (7.5-) 8-9 (-9.2) ¡Ñ 3-3.7 £gm,

IKI-, CB-.

Distribution. Known only from Taiwan.

Remarks. This new species belongs to the subgenus

Gloeopeniophora (Hohn. & Litsch.) Boidin & Lanq.,

due to having numerous gloeocystidia and lacking brown

hyphae in the basidiocarp. Peniophora subsalmonea

Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles seems to be the most closely allied

species owing to resemblance of general morphological

features (Boidin et al., 1991). However, it can be

distinguished from P. formosana by several characteristics.

Firstly, Peniophora subsalmonea is a tropical species,

reported from Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean,

while the collection of P . formosana was made from

high mountain temperate belt above 2,000 m altitude of

Taiwan. Secondly, lamprocystidia of P. subsalmonea are

shorter and wider (25-38 ¡Ñ 10-16(-20) £gm compared to

35-55 ¡Ñ 6-9 £gm in P. formosana). Thirdly, gloeocystidia

o f P. subsalmonea are distinctly thick-walled except

the thin-walled apical parts, and sometimes pointed at

apices. Gloeocystidia of P. formosana are slightly thick-

walled, and obtuse at apices. Moreover, basidiospores

o f P. subsalmonea are smaller ((6.5-) 7-8.2 ¡Ñ 2.5-3.2

£gm, according to Boidin et al. 1991) than those of P.

formosana ((7.5-) 8-9 (-9.2) ¡Ñ 3-3.7 £gm).

Phanerochaete granulata Sheng H. Wu, sp. nov.

Figure 3

Etymology. From granulatus (= granulate), referring to

morphology of hymenial surface of this new species.

Holotype. TAIWAN. CHIAYI HSIEN: Yushan National

Park, Nanhsi Forest Road, 23¢X28¡¦ N, 120¢X54¡¦ E, alt. 2,000

Figure 3. Phanerochaete granulata (holotype). A, Basidiocarp section; B, Basal hyphae; C, Basidia; D, Basidiospores. Scale bars = 10

£gm.

WU ¡X Three new species of corticioid fungi

329

m, on branch of angiosperm, Oct 07, 1992, Wu 9210-57

(TNM F20057).

Basidiocarpum effusum, membranaceum, 40-100 £gm

crassum; superficies hymenialis grandinioidea. Systema

hypharum monomiticum; hyphae efibulatae. Cystidia

desunt. Basidia anguste clavata, 18-28 ¡Ñ 3.3-4.3 £gm, 4

sterigmatibus. Basidiosporae ellipsoideae vel anguste

ellipsoideae, laeves, tenuitunicatae, 3.7-4.5 ¡Ñ 2.2-2.7 £gm,

IKI-, CB-.

Basidiocarp resupinate, effuse, membranaceous, 40-100

£gm thick in section (aculei excluded). Hymenial surface

pale clay-colored, grandinioid, extensively cracked; aculei

fairly crowded, 12-16 per mm, conical, or cylindrical with

narrower apices, up to 100 £gm high, up to 80 £gm wide at

base; margin thinning, concolourous, pruinose.

Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae simple-septate.

Subiculum composed of a 10-20 £gm thick basal layer

with compact texture, and a medullary layer with looser

texture; hyphae colorless, often glued together in basal

layer, more or less separable in medullary layer, 2.5-5 £gm

diam., generally slightly thick-walled, basal hyphae with

walls up to 1 £gm thick. Hymenium slightly thickening;

hyphae mainly vertical, colorless, often glued together,

2-3.5 £gm diam., thin- or slightly thick-walled. Cystidia

lacking. Basidia narrowly clavate, 18-28 ¡Ñ 3.3-4.3 £gm,

4-sterigmate. Basidiospores ellipsoid or narrowly ellipsoid,

smooth, thin-walled, 3.7-4.5 ¡Ñ 2.2-2.7 £gm, IKI-, CB-.

Additional specimen examined. TAIWAN. CHIAYI

HSIEN: Yushan National Park, Nanhsi Forest Road, 23¢X

28¡¦ N, 120¢X54¡¦ E, alt. 2,000 m, on branch of angiosperm,

Oct. 07, 1992, Wu 9210-51 (TNM F20056).

Distribution. Known only from Taiwan.

Remarks. This new species is characterized by having

a grandinioid hymenial surface, a lack of cystidia, and

small basidiospores. Phanerochaete deflectens (P. Karst.)

Hjortstam is a European species with similar features. Its

hymenial surface is smooth or minutely warted while that

of P. granulata is regularly grandinioid, and the aculei

are fairly crowded. Moreover, cystidia are present in P.

deflectens although few are in the fruiting bodies (Eriksson

et al., 1981).

Acknowledgments. This study was supported by

the National Science Council of ROC (No. NSC

95-2621B-178-001).

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